伯曼猫的CFA标准是怎样的

　　伯曼猫又称缅甸圣猫，传说最早由古代缅甸寺庙里的僧侣饲养，视为护殿神猫，18世纪传入欧洲逐步进化定型。下面我们将来了解伯曼猫的CFA标准。

　　伯曼猫的CFA标准

　　俗名别名：波曼猫、巴曼猫、缅甸神猫、缅甸圣猫

　　品种：

　　有四个变种：海豹色重点色伯曼猫(带深褐色重点色的淡乳黄色猫)、蓝色重点色伯曼猫(带蓝灰色重点色的浅蓝-白色猫)、朱古力重点色伯曼猫、浅紫重点色伯曼猫。在美国尚有一种变种，短毛、四蹄踏雪，亦称“雪鞋猫”或“银边猫”，不过尚未得到公认。

　　原产地：缅甸

　　习性：

　　伯曼猫温文尔雅，非常友善，叫声悦耳。温顺友好，渴求主人的宠爱，喜欢与主人玩耍，对其他猫也十分友好。它们一旦在新的环境中感到安全，便会流露其甜美及善良的性格。它们喜欢在地上活动，但并不热衷于跳跃及攀爬，亦喜爱玩耍，但从不对其饲主有所要求。爱干净，在舒适的家中生活很愉快，天气晴朗时也喜欢到庭院或花园里散步。

　　繁殖方式：胎生

　　体部描述：

　　头部：头前部向后方倾斜，稍呈凸状。面颊肌肉发达，呈圆形。脸面毛短，但颊外侧毛长，胡须密。

　　耳朵：中等长度。耳朵大而向前竖立，耳端稍浑圆，两耳尖间距宽，两耳根部间距适中，面颊和耳朵都呈现颇具特征的“V”字形，与头部轮廊十分协调。

　　眼睛：又圆又大，看起来好像会说话般，而且间距较宽。眼睛的颜色呈清彻的蓝色，深蓝比浅蓝较为理想。

　　鼻子：鼻梁又高又直，中等长度，鼻尖稍缓慢下降，略呈鹰钩鼻状。

　　四肢：四肢粗短，骨胳发达，肌肉结实、有力;前肢直立。

　　足掌：趾大而圆，握力大，爪短有力，爪白色, 像戴了白手套般。前趾的部分称为“手套”，后趾的部分叫做“蕾丝”(Laces)，并伸至关节点。

　　尾巴：尾长中等，与身体协调，尾毛浓密。

　　披毛：长毛但较波斯猫稍短, 不会纠结, 容易梳理，毛长而厚密，毛质如丝，细密而富有光泽;颈部饰毛长，但肩胛部被毛短;胸部至下腹部被毛略呈波纹状;腹部被毛允许少量卷曲。体毛应是无条纹的单色，但在海豹色斑点、蓝色斑点中允许少量深色。体毛与斑点反差越明显越好。脸、耳、四肢、尾的斑点以同一色为最佳，斑点毛尖不能混入白色。四爪应为白色。

　　毛色：朱古力重点色、海豹色重点色、浅紫重点色、蓝色重点色。

　　CFA关于伯曼猫的评分标准：

　　头部

　　(包括眼、耳、鼻、头颅) 30分

　　体型 25 分

　　毛质 10 分

　　颜色

　　(包括身体毛色、重点色及眼色) 15 分

　　爪子毛色(Gloves)

　　(包括前、后脚，对称) 20 分

　　CFA官方关于伯曼猫品种简介

　　Breed Profile: Birman

　　The Birman cat is believed to have originated in Burma, where it was considered sacred, the companion cat of the Kittah priests. There is a legend as to how the Birmans developed the colors they are today: “Originally, the guardians of the Temple of LaoTsun were yellow-eyed white cats with long hair. The golden goddess of the temple, Tsun-Kyan-Kse, had deep blue eyes. The head priest, Mun-Ha, had as his companion a beautiful cat named Sinh. One day the temple was attacked and Mun-Ha was killed. At the moment of his death, Sinh placed his feet on his master and faced the goddess. The cat’s white fur took on a golden cast, his eyes turned as blue as the eyes of the goddess, and his face, legs and tail became the color of earth. However, his paws, where they touched the priest, remained white as a symbol of purity. All the other temple cats became similarly colored. Seven days later, Sinh died, taking the soul of Mun-Ha to paradise.”

　　The modern history of the Birman is almost as shrouded in mystery as its legendary origin. What is known for certain is that, probably around 1919, a pair of Birman cats were clandestinely shipped from Burma to France. The male cat did not survive the arduous conditions of the long voyage, but the female, Sita, did survive, and happily, was pregnant.

　　From this small foundation the Birman was established in the western world. The French cat registry recognized the Birman as a separate breed in 1925. By the end of WW II, only two Birmans were left alive in Europe, and a program of outcrossing was necessary to reestablish the breed. Most cat registries require at least five generations of pure breeding after outcrossings to fully accredit a breed for championship competition. Birmans were recognized by England in 1966 and by The Cat Fanciers’ Association in 1967.

　　The ideal Birman is a large, long stocky cat. It has long silky hair, not as thick as that of the Persian, and is of a texture that doesn’t mat. The color of the coat is light, preferably with a golden cast, as if misted with gold. The “points” - face, legs and tail - are darker, similar to the Siamese and colorpointed Persian color patterns of seal point, blue point, chocolate point and lilac point. The almost round eyes are blue, set in a strong face with heavy jaws, full chin and Roman nose with nostrils set low. The very distinctive white feet are ideally symmetrical. The gloves on the front feet, if perfect, go across in an even line, and on the back feet end in a point up the back of the leg, called laces. It is very difficult to breed a cat with four perfect white gloves.

　　The Birman personality is marvelous - gentle, active, playful, but quiet and unobtrusive if you are busy with other things.

　　Pricing on Birmans usually depends on type, applicable markings and bloodlines distinguished by Grand Champion (GC), National or Regional winning parentage (NW or RW) or of Distinguished Merit parentage (DM). The DM title is achieved by the dam (mother) having produced five CFA grand champion/premier or DM offspring, or sire (father) having produced fifteen CFA grand champion/premier (alter) or DM offspring. Usually breeders make kittens available between twelve and sixteen weeks of age. After twelve weeks, kittens have had their basic inoculations and developed the physical and social stability needed for a new environment, showing, or being transported by air. Keeping such a rare treasure indoors, neutering or spaying and providing acceptable surfaces (e.g. scratching posts) for the natural behavior of scratching (CFA disapproves of declawing or tendonectomy surgery) are essential elements for maintaining a healthy, long and joyful life.

　　There are CFA clubs devoted to the promotion, protection and preservation of the Birman breed. For more information, please send inquiries to CFA, PO Box 1005, Manasquan NJ 08736-0805.