英语虚拟语气如何解题：分清虚拟与事实

　　虚拟语气，考生容易失分的地方，是一道试题中既有虚拟也有事实。本文介绍两种情况，一种是以事实表示隐含条件的场合，这里小编教你一招，可以轻松应对，保证得分;另一种需要考生仔细甄别，小编会提醒你需要留神的常见陷阱。

　　一、以事实表示隐含的条件(参见《非真实条件句》)

　　小编给大家三个公式，可以轻松应对此类考题：

　　公式一：事实 + otherwise /or (else) + 虚拟。如：

　　I forgot his number, or (else) I would have called him. 我忘了他的电话号码。要不我就给他打电话了。(“忘记号码”是一个事实，而“打电话”是虚拟的，事实上没有打电话。)

　　公式二：虚拟 + but + 事实。上面例句可以改为：

　　I would have called him, but I forgot his number.

　　隐含的条件，我们可以使之“显性化”，就是将“事实”虚拟成“相反的情况”。上面的句子里，“忘记号码”这个事实，可以虚拟为“没有忘记号码的话”：

　　If I hadn't forgotten his number, I would have ...

　　此外，还有第三个公式：though /although + 虚拟，+ (主句)事实。如：

　　Though she could work in her father's company and live an easier life, she wants to carve her own career. 尽管本可以在她父亲公司上班，生活更为轻松(从句表虚拟，与事实相反)，但是她想要开拓自己的事业(主句表事实)。

　　该例的让步状语从句中省略了虚拟条件，比如可以是：if she wished to (work in her father's company)。这句话可以改为公式二：

　　She could work in her father's company and live an easier life, but she wants to carve her own career.

　　二、需要仔细甄别的场合

　　1. But for the consideration that she _____, we would have included her in our gorup.

　　A. was ill

　　B. had been ill

　　C. were ill

　　D. would be ill

　　答案A。她“生病”是一个“过去事实”。=If she hadn't been ill, we would have included her in our group. 这道题稍作改动，可以变成上面的公式一和公式二：

　　1-1. She was ill; otherwise we would have included her in our group.

　　1-2. We would have included her in our group, but she was ill.

　　2-1. We suggest that she (should) be sent to hospital right away. 我们建议马上送她去医院。(表“主张”，用should型虚拟语气)

　　2-2. Her condition suggests that she is seriously ill. 她的状况表明她病得不轻。(“表明”的是一个“事实”。)

　　3-1. He insisted that he had done nothing wrong. 他坚持说自己没做错什么。(“坚持”的是一个“事实”。)

　　3-2. He insisted that he (should) not be punished. 他坚持认为自己不应受到处罚。(“坚持”的是一个“主张”。)

　　所谓“主张”，指“观点、看法”，而非“客观存在”。

本文为原创文章，版权归作者所有，未经授权不得转载！

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作者：苏北 (公众号 苏北教育)