英语语法常见情态动词用法一览

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  以下是常见情态动词用法一览表:

  注1:need作为情态动词只能用于疑问句和否定句。故以下a句正确,b句不正确。

  a. I need to have a talk with you.

  b. I need have a talk with you.

  注2:be able to有“成功做了某事”的含义。如:

  Fortunately, they were able to escape from the burning building. 幸运的是,他们成功地逃出了着火的大楼。

  注3. can表“推断”时,通常用于疑问句和否定句。如果用于肯定句,则表示“偶然、个别、极端”的情况。如:

  He is easy going. But sometimes he can be very difficult to deal with. 他平易近人。但有时也很难对付。

  更多说明如下:

  1. “必要性”一栏,热点词是must.

  a. Why must you turn the TV so loud at this hour of the night? 你为什么这么晚非要将电视的声音调这么大?

  b. Must you keep interrupting me? Can't you see I'm busy working on my paper? 你偏要不停打断我么?你没看见我在忙着写论文吗?

  2. “许可”是说话人同意听话人做某事,如You may leave now. 或说话人请求听话人允许自己做某事,如May I ask you a question?

  “请求”是说话人请求或要求听话人做某事,如Will you /Can you sit down? 用“过去式“较为婉转,用”否定式“则较为生硬。故下列a、b两句礼貌程度有别:

  a. Would you sit down? (较礼貌)

  b. Won't you sit down? (较生硬、不耐烦)

  3. 情态动词表“推断”时,本身没有词义,只表示说话人对于自己推断的确定程度不同。典型考题如:

  --- Will he be able to finish his paper today?

  --- I'm not sure. He ______ be able to.

  A. must B. can

  C. might D. shall

  must相当确定,因I'm not sure而排除;Can表示“个别情况”,排除;shall不用于“推断”,排除。might确定程度较低,所以选择C。

  用情态动词表“推断”的句子在改成反义疑问句的时候,疑问部分的助动词与情态动词之后的动词一致。如:

  a. You must be tired, aren't you?

  b. You must have met your new coach, haven't you?

  但是,

  c. You must have met your new coach yesterday,didn't you?

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作者:苏北(公众号 苏北教育)

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