英语语法一般现在时用法归纳总结(2)

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  一般现在时时态用法详解

  【一般现在时代替进行时】

  (1) 句型:Here comes… ; There goes…

  Look, here comes Mr. Li.

  (2) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。

  Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?

  We are leaving soon.  我们马上就走。

  (3) 渐变动词,如:get, run, grow, become, begin及die。

  【一般现在时代替完成时】

  1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时:

  hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.

  I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.

  I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.

  2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"

  3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.

  【一般现在时代替过去时】

  1)"书上说","报纸上说"等。

  The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.

  报纸上说明天会很冷的。

  2) 叙述往事,使其生动。

  Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.

  【一般现在时代替将来时】

  时间状语从句,条件句中,从句用一般现在时代替将来时

  When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately

  He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨妈。

  典型例题

  (1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.

  A. had not given; had not succeeded  B. would not give; succeed

  C. will not give; succeed       D. would not give; will succeed.

  答案B. 在时间,条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said,故为过去式。主句用将来时,故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。

  (2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等活动。

  The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)

  【一般现在时表将来】

  一、“主将从现”原则,当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来:

  I'll write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。

  If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。

  Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。

  ① 除表示时间和条件的状语从句外,表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来:

  I'll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿,我就跟着去哪。Whatever you say, I won't pay. 无论你说什么,我都不会付钱。

  Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 无论我们帮他与否,他都会失败。

  I'll have a good time whether I win or lose. 赢也好,输也好,我都将会玩好。The more you eat, the fatter you will become.

  ② 另外,当主句为用将来时态时,定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来: I'll give you anything you ask for. 你要什么我都给你。You can have anything I find. 我找到的任何东西你都可以拿去。Everyone who comes first will get a present. 每个先来的人都可得到一份礼物。

  二、简化原则 按照英语习惯,一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈论动作的时间,那么与之相关的其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间,而往往使用一个比较简单的时态,如用一般现在时表示一般将来时等。比较:

  This discovery means that we will spend less on food.这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。

  This discovery will mean that we spend less on food. 这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。

  三、几种值得注意的情况

  在make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),take care(注意,当心),be careful(注意,当心),mind(注意),watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表将来意义: Take care that it does not occur again. 注意别再发生这样的事。

  We must take care that no one sees us. 我们必须注别让人看见我们。Make sure you come back soon. 你要保证快点回来。

  Be careful that you don't hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情。

  Watch that the baby doesn't go near the heater. 注意别让宝宝接近加热器。

  Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them. 在答题前要注意仔细阅读考题。

  在it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind 等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在时表将来意义:

  It doesn't matter where we go on holiday. 我们去哪儿度假都行。Does it matter who goes first? 谁先去这有关系吗?

  I don't care whether we win or lose. 我不在乎我们是赢还是输。

  Don't you care what happens to them? 难道你不关心他们出什么事了?

  四、可用两种时态的情况, 在I hope , I bet, see (to it) 等后的宾语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来意义,但有时也可直接用将来时态: I hope that you like [will like] it. 你希望你会喜欢它。

  I bet it rains [will rain] tomorrow. 我打赌明天会下雨。See (to it) that children don't catch cold. 当心别让孩子感冒。

  I'll see that nobody disturbs [will disturb] you. 我将确保没人打扰你。

  【注】see (to it) 后的that从句通常用一般现在时表将来,直接用将来的情形较少见。

  五、用于比较状语从句, 在as, than 引出的比较状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来,也可直接用将来时态:

  We'll get there as soon as you do [will]. 你一到,我们就到。

  We'll probably drive faster than you do [will]. 我们开车很可能比你快。

  六、表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作:【注】用于此用法时,句中通常有具体的时间状语。

  Are you on duty next weekend? 下周末你上班吗?

  The train leaves at 12:00. 火车12点开出。

  Where do we go now? 我们现在到哪里去?

  七、by the time…当主句为将来时态时,与之相关的by the time后接的从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义:

  By the time he comes, I will have left. 等他到时,我会已离开了。

  The film will have started by the time we get to the cinema.我们到电影院时电影会已经开始了。

  八、表示现在将要宣布某事 I declare the meeting open. 我宣布会议开始。

  We learn Lesson Ten today. 今天我们学习第10课。

  九、表示客观性很强的将来 Today is Friday, so tomorrow is Saturday. 今天是星期五,所以明天是星期六。

  My birthday is on a Sunday this year. 我今年的生日在星期天。

  有时说话者对某一将来事实非常肯定,也用一般现在时: The future is bright. 前途是光明的。

  Final victory is ours. 最后的胜利是我们的。5.此用法代替了较常用的现在进行时态:

  如:The boys are starting school on Monday.男孩们星期一就要开学了。

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