高二英语必修五知识点全新整理
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高二英语必修五知识点整理1
一、过去分词
过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。
1. 作定语
作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表语
过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调谓语动作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(状态)
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(动作)
I'm interested in chess.(状态)
3. 过去分词做状语
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词
Heated, water changes into steam.
Given another chance, he will do better.
④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
倒装句：
一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 铃声响了。
Then came the chairman. 来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
二、否定词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。 neither 放句首
Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不会游泳，我也不会。
用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。
Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。
Seldom was he late for class.他很少上学迟到。
用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我刚到车站,火车就离开了。
No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她刚离开,电话就响了。
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老师来，他才完成作业。
三、用于 only 放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。
Only in this way can you master English well. 只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。
Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪个时间，他才做作业。
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.
省略句：
一、省略的目的
省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：
1.避免重复，减少累赘。省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day.
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't.
(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁了许多)
2.连接紧密，结构紧凑 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.(Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑)
3.强调重点，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句省略谓语 speaks，突出了 too loud)
二、句子成分的省略
为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。
1.省略主语
Beg your pardon.请你原谅。(= I beg your pardon.))
Serves you right. 你活该(= It serves you right.)
2.省略谓语
Anything the matter? 要紧吗?(= Is anything the matter?)
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)
3.省略表语
Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am 后面省略了表语 ready)
4.省略宾语
We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了宾语 problems)
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.(wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes)
5.省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money)
6.省略状语
(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.
省略在句子中的应用
在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
1.简单句中的省略
依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。
Like more beer?(= Would you like more beer?)
—World you mind if I used your telephone?
—Not at all. 一点也不。
(= I do not mind at all.)
—Will he pass this examination?
Probably. 大概会的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)
不依赖于上下文的省略。
All aboard! 请上船(= All go aboard.省略谓语)
Haven't seen you for ages!(省略主语 I)
What about having a game of chess?
Sounds like a good idea.
2.并列句中的省略
(=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语)
Everybody appears well prepared.
(= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be)
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句子万分的一部分。
省略出现在后一分句
John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.(省略主语)
省略出现在前一分句
We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match.
我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。(前一分句省略谓语 + 宾语)
前后两个分句都出现省略
They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.
复合句中的省略
在主从复合句中，活力的现象是很普遍的。
省略主句的句首部分。(I'm)Sorry I couldn't go.
省略整个主句或主句的一部分(回答问题时常用)。
(It is a)Pity he's failed.
If he says he'll come, he will(come).
3.在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是 be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是 it，常常可以把从句中的主语和 be 省略掉。
以 when, while, once, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句。
When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.入国问禁，入乡随俗。
4.在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。
省略谓语的全部
James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.
Tom has as many books as Jack.
省略主语和谓语的一部分
Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (as 后省略了 he speaks)省略表语部分
Mrs White is not so young as she looks.(looks 后省略了 young)
省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语
He is working harder than before.(than 后省略了 he worked hard)
省略主语
He drank a little more than was good for him.(than 后省略了 it)省略宾语
You spent more money than I had expected.(expected 后省略了that you should spend)
省略从句的全部
You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省略了than you were before)
主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。
The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).
高二英语必修五知识点整理2
1. consist of = be made up of 由……组成 (没有进行时)
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 区别:
Ø separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来)
Ø divide...into 把…分开 (把整体分为若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;阐明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接
【习惯用语】★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 参考;查阅;询问
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 关系到;关乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名词” 表 “令某人……”
常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +宾语+宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语;不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (会谈)破裂，失败;(汽车等)出故障;(人的健康状况)变得恶劣;(情感)失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.
Ø break in 闯入;打岔
Ø break off 中断，折断
Ø break into 闯入
Ø break out 爆发;发生
Ø break up 驱散;分散，拆散
11. as well as 不仅…而且;既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便;便利(convenient: adj. )
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
13. attraction: (attract: v.)
1). 吸引;引力(不可数 n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的东西;喜闻乐见的东西;精彩节目(可数 n.)
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?
14. influence
1) v. 对…产生影响 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可数n.) 影响 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
高二英语必修五知识点整理3
1. the ancient Olympic Games 古代奥运会
2. compete in …compete with other countries for world market 与其它国家竞争国际市场
compete in a race 参加赛跑
compete with [against] sb. for sth. 与某人竞争而获得某物
Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning.我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了荣誉而彼此之间相互竞争。
3. take part in 参加
We all had to take part in the training run, with nobody excepted.
我们大家都得参加跑步训练, 无人例外.
4. What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for? 奥运旗帜上的五环代表什么?
stand for 代表;表示;主张;支持;拥护;容忍;允许
What does "ESL" stand for? "ESL"代表什么?
I won't stand for his insults any longer. 我再不能容忍他的污辱了。
5. the official mascots for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会吉祥物
Fuwa，the Official Mascots of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, carry a message of friendship ,peace and good wishes from China to children all over the world.
福娃是北京2008年第29届奥运会吉祥物，它们向世界的孩子们传达友谊、和平和良好的祝福。
6. come on a magical journey 做梦幻之游come on (表劝说，鼓励等)来吧，走吧;开始
His French has come on a lot since he joined the conversation class.
他自从参加了会话班，法语取得了很大进步。
7. (a) volunteer for (……志愿者)志愿做……
Don't volunteer for more than you can handle. 别做力不能及的事情。
I want to be a volunteer for 2008 Beijing Olympics.
我想成为2008年北京奥运会的志愿者。
8. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and used to write about the Olympics a long time ago 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。
We used to keep in touch with each other by writing letters.我们过去常写信联系对方。
I am used to reading stories to my daughter every night and she enjoys it.我习惯了每天给女儿讲故事，她也非常喜欢这样做。
Wood can be used to make furniture. 木头能用来做家具。
There used to be a temple at the place where our school stands now.在我们学校所在之处过去有一座庙。
9. …and both are held every four years on a regular basis. 两个都是定期每四年举行一次。
on a regular basis 定期地He comes to visit us on a regular basis.他定期来看望我们。
10. Only atheletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参见奥运会。
I am sure that he will be admitted to Beijing University this summer. 我肯定他今年夏天将被北京大学录取。
This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。
The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。
His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。
He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。
John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。
11. It is in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing, and all the team sports.跑步、游泳、划船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。
12. No other counries could join in, nor could slaves or women. 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。
13. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics…妇女不仅允许参加，而且她们还在体操比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用。
14. as well 也;又;同样
as well as (除...之外)也,既...又
conj. 以及,又
I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well.
我唱自己谱曲的歌，也弹吉他。
A teacher should entertain as well as teach.教师不仅要教书，也要激起学生的兴趣。
15 There is as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样地激烈。
16. So even the olive wreath has been replaced. 就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了。
David will replace Mike in next week’s tennis competition. 大卫将代替迈克参加下周的网球赛。
The broken parts of the machine must be replaced, otherwise we can’t continue our work. 这些损害的机器部件必须得换，否则我们无法继续工作。
I have owned my car for almost ten years. This year I’ll replace it with a new one. 我的汽车用了差不多十年了，今年我要换一辆新车。
Would you replace the magazine after reading it? 读完杂志后把它放回原处好么?
17. Put forward your ideas and give reasons for your choice. 提出你的观点并给出你选择的原因。put forward 呈上;提出;提前;拨快(钟表)
Two advices of design are put forward.
提出了两点设计建议。
The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. 其原因是,这架飞机又是一辆自行车。
reason with sb. for [against] sth.
因赞成[反对]...同某人讲道理[辩论]
reason sb. out of his prejudice说服某人消除成见
reason sb. into accepting a proposal说服某人接受建议
18. be in/under sb’s charge
管理
in charge of 负责
These books were left in your charge. 这些书由你管理。
The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway. 主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。
I was in charge of my sister. 我在照看我妹妹。
This ward is in [under]the charge of Dr Green. 这间病房是由格林大夫负责的。
How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle? 他修理自行车收了你多少钱?
Do you charge for the use of the office telephone at off-duty time? 下班时间打办公电话你们收不收费?
The boy charged into the room. 男孩冲进屋里。
Suddenly the wild animal charged at us. 突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。
Those young men were charged by the police with causing a disturbance in the neighbourhood.
警察指控那些青年人在这一带犯了扰乱治安罪。
She charged me to look after her daughter. 她要我负责看管她的女儿。
19. physical exercise 体育锻炼
Physical fitness is having a strong healthy body. 身体健康就是有一个强壮健康的身体。
physical change 物理变化
physical education 体育
20. rise to one’s feet 站起来，立起。
21. She was in front in her race when another competitor pushed her on purpose so that she fell down. 她在比赛中跑在前面，突然另外一个运动员故意推了她一下，结果她摔倒了。
22. take responsibility for…对……负有责任，负起对……的责任
23. If you are discovered, you will be fined. 如果被发现，你将被罚款。
He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation. 他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
24. win glory for sb. 为某人赢得荣誉
We must try to win glory for our school!我们必须设法为母校争光。
25. make a bargain with sb. 与某人成交
26. promise to do sth. 答应做某事
He has promised to behave better henceforth. 他答应从今以后要表现得好些。
She promised her brother that she would write to him. 她答应弟弟将给他写信。
This year promises to be another good one for harvests. 今年看来又是个丰收年。
Remember to carry out your promise . 记住要履行诺言。
He broke his promise and did not come to see me. 他不遵守诺言，没来看我。
The news brings little promise of peace. 这消息使和平无望。
27. She practised running to compete in the Olympic Games. 为了参加奥运会她练习跑步。
28. Atlanta married him and lived happily ever after. Atlanta和他结了婚，从那以后幸福地生活。
29. one after another 一个接一个地Difficulties arise one after another.困难相继出现.
30. deserve to do sth
理应做，值得做
deserve attention [sympathy]
值得注意[同情]
deserve to be rewarded [punished] 该奖[罚]
If you do wrong, you deserve punishment. 你如做错事, 应当受罚。
31. Apart from playing at school I go to sports school every weekend. 除了在学校踢球之外，我每周末都去体校。
She keeps herself apart from (ie does not mix with) other people. 她与别人保持距离(不与别人混在一起).
It's a good piece of work, apart from a few slight faults. 除了一些小缺点之外，这不失为一件漂亮的工作。
32. I especially like playing on the wing like Beckham but being a striker is good as well. 我尤其喜欢像贝克汉姆一样踢边锋，但是当一名射球手一样好。
Dance and sing, Time's on the wing.跳吧，唱吧，光阴似箭。
33. be active in
积极于
34. This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.这很重要因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就会变得越好。
35. Don’t be shy about making mistakes.别害怕犯错误。
36. In this way you will become confident in speaking English. 这样你就会对说英语充满信心。
One has to be confident in himself. 一个人一定要对自己有信心。
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