初中英语助动词的知识点归纳

宇晴 1172分享

  协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词,它具有语法意义,但没有词汇意义,小编为大家准备了一些相关的资料,一起来看看吧!

  助动词be的用法

  1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:

  They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。

  English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

  2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:

  The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。

  English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。

  3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:

  a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:

  He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。

  We are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生。

  说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。

  b. 表示命令,例如:

  You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。

  He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。

  c. 征求意见,例如:

  How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?

  Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?

  d. 表示相约、商定,例如:

  We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

  助动词have的用法

  1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:

  He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。

  By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.

  上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。

  2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:

  I have been studying English for ten years.

  我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。

  3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:

  English has been taught in China for many years.

  中国教英语已经多年。

  助动词do 的用法

  1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:

  Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?

  Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?

  2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:

  I do not want to be criticized.  我不想挨批评。

  He doesn't like to study.  他不想学习。

  In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。

  3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:

  Don't go there. 不要去那里。

  Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。

  说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。

  4) 放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:

  Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。

  I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。

  I do miss you. 我确实想你。

  5) 用于倒装句,例如:

  Never did I hear of such a thing.  我从未听说过这样的事情。

  Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.

  只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。

  说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

  6) 用作代动词,例如:

  ---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗?

  ---- Yes, I do. --是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)

  He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?

  他知道如何开车,对吧?

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