高考英语冲刺:阅读七选五答题攻略(2)
● 例3：“放电影”式 记叙性文段
... It is quite the same withwith your studying. If you choose a book, "just loking" for nothing in particluar, you are liekly to get just that-nothing.【 ? 】Your reasons will vary：theey will include reading or studying to "find out more about", "to understand the reasons for" and "to find out how".
(前四个选项略)
E. It is important for students to have a positive attitude to their study.
F. But if you do know what you want, you are almost sure to get it.
G. Perhaps you have already discovered some good ways to keep yourself from forgetting.
分析：此记叙性文段说的是买书的情况。
背景：因为挑书没有目的，所以必然没有收获。
冲突：反之，若带着目标买书，自然能买得到。
结论：对购书成功的原因分析。
本题的内容，正是本段的“冲突部分”——与前面的“背景”(无法买到书)相反的情况(买得到书)，故选 F。
“沙漏型” 文章结构
除了“八爪鱼”式结构，“沙漏型”结构也是说明文(段)和议论文(段)的常用布局模式。
“沙漏的顶端”(文段的起首)相当于一个笼统的中心观点;随着论述的推进，范围逐渐收细，直到范围最细小的“沙漏中部”，便是某个明确论点观点的具体例子;到了沙漏的底部”(文章结尾)，又必须用范围较大的概括性观点作总结。
● 例4：“沙漏型” 文章
Different Cultures
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. 【E】
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries：China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers - the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. 【F】
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture，another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain —the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. 【C】Like the Chinese culture, the European one also crossed waters. When the British settled down i nAmerica, their culture went with them over, the Atlantic Ocean, So the American culture doesn't distinguish from the European culture a lot.
【D】Take the language for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic languages while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other cases like human race difference counts as well.
However, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West，the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
The differences of these two cultures are everywhere. 【G】But different cluttures make the world of 21st century more cloloful. The cultural gap shoud not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.
B. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.
D. At the same time, some other differneces add to the cultural differences.
E. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.
分析：本文使用“沙漏型”结构，阐明了东西文化的差异。
根据“沙漏型”结构的要求，首段先提出较为“笼统”的中心观点：东西方文化存在差异(The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. )。
而在文章的主体部分，则需要用具体的例子来说明东西方文化的不同之处。此类文(段)中，但凡看到专有名词，都可以将其视作例子(“沙漏中部”)，是对中心(“沙漏顶端”)的支撑。
当文章需要收尾时，文段所描述对象范围会再次扩大，以回应首段的中心论点(见本文末段第一句话：The differences are everywhere.)。
文章脉络
如果说篇章结构相当于文章的骨架，每一个句子与句子之间，就是文章的脉络。没有脉络起到血管的功能，人也不能维持生命，文章也不可能传达信息。
意思一致
为保持语篇连贯，前后文意思必须一致：具体到句间关系，就是上下句之间不能出现矛盾(出现以 but 等标志转折关系的情况除外)。
