高考英语冲刺:阅读七选五答题攻略(4)
● 例7：选取让上下文主语一致的句子
...Some body has to do ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets because this is they way society os organized. No matter how ordinary a job is , it plays a part in society and therfore deserves our due respect. 【 ? 】These jobs, with essential functuions separately, contribute to the achievenemt of various ecological, economic, and social goals that people have set for themselves. These jobs which are worth our emthusiasm and respect, also provide a chance to realize our value or make our dream come true.
(部分选项略)
E. Cleaners are most well-known ordinary workers.
F. Ordinary jobs are anything but ordinary in contemporary society.
G. Yet modern society cannot function a single day without the "dull and boring" jobs.
分析：该段从第三句开始，所有的句子都是 job (或jobs) 做主语，故可排除选项 E，只考虑 F 和 G; 而在 选项 F 和 G中，应优先考虑 F，因为选项 F 以 jobs 为主语。
当然，“意思一致”法则及“主语一致”法则均不能独立使用，一定要在明确篇章结构之后，再审视文章内的脉络，才能万无一失。
替代
前后文出现意思相近的词句，甚至同根词或原词重现，都是重点留意的选项。
这点相信大家都很清楚，在此便不再赘述。
明确指代
在浏览文章时，需要时刻注意代词的指代对象，以及“同义”名词之间的替换。
代词
一旦有代词出现，就需要明确其所指对象是前文中哪一个名词。在此不在详述。
名词
出于对用词的准确性或文章的趣味性等要求，大部分作者都会尝试使用不同的名词来替换，以表达同一事物。
● 例8：名词的替换
Our Fears Can Change the Reality of the Situation
...Be smart in how you deal with your fears and anxieties. Do not try to deal with everything all at once. When facing a current or upcoming task that makes your anxious, break the task into a series of smaller ones. 【 ? 】
(部分选项略)
A. Take it one step at a time and things will work out well at last.
F. A good way to manage your worry is to challenge your negative thinking with positive statements and realistic thinking.
G. Completing these smaller tasks once at a time will make the stress more manageable and increase your chances of success.
分析：前文的 everything 就是需要解决的问题，根据前文所提及的“沙漏型”结构，随着文章的推进，应该将范围缩少，才有典型意义，故此作者在第二句中将 everything 替换成 task(而后又使用了 ones 替代) ，以方便读者理解。
P.S. 定冠词 the 起到的作用是加一个前文出现过的名词，而读到该名词，千万不能因为该词不是生词就放松警惕。
所以在本题中，the task 承接上文的 a current or upcoming task ，讨论的内容仍然一致，故后面一句的也应选一个承接上文的选项，故选 G(含有 these smaller tasks )来作为该段的结尾。
假设不明白作者的这个意图，考生读着读着就不知所然，以致选错答案。
作者| Cass 老师
公众号：问鼎英语
本文为原创文章，版权归作者所有，未经授权不得转载!
