特殊定语从句英语语法知识点归纳

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  特殊定语从句是英语语法中非常重要也是非常难的一个知识点,在英语学习中起着极其重要的作用。小编为大家推荐了特殊定语从句的用法,总有一条你喜欢的。

  特殊定语从句的用法

  一、分隔式定语从句

  分隔式定语从句指的是先行词有别的修饰语,或者话语间插入了其他成分,或者为了强调句子的某个成分等,定语从句和它修饰的先行词被分隔开了。

  例1 (2008年山东卷)Occasions are quite rare— — I have the time to spend a daywith my kids.

  A.who B.which C.why D.when

  解析选D。此题先行词是occasions,意为“时刻、时候”,在从句中作时间状语。此句谓语部分较短,为避免头重脚轻,而将定语从句放到谓语后面。句意为:我很少有时问陪孩子们一起度过一天。

  其他的分隔式定语从句还有:

  1.被作定语的介词短语分开

  We were honored to meet the chief of an African tribe there,whowarmly received andfeasted US.我们荣幸地见到了那儿的一个非洲部落酋长,他热情地接见并款待了我们。

  2.被状语分开

  rr}1ereis a Mr Smith 0utside of the office who wants to see you.办公室外面有个史密斯先生想见你。

  3.被同位语分开

  1 have ever been to Beijing,the capital of China,which attracts the world to visit everyvear.我去过北京—— 中国的首都,它每年吸引着世人来参观。

  二、带有插入语的定语从句

  有时定语从句的关系词与从句中的其他句子成分之间会插人类似“主语+think/believe/guess/expect”等表示态度、观点的短语。

  例2 Fhe astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship,— — much help for knowingspace.

  A.which we think it is B.which we think are of

  c_of wh ich we think is D.I think which is of

  解析选B。此句先行词是experiments,在定语从句中作主语,we think为插入语。

  三、多重式定语从句

  两个或两个以上的定语从句同时修饰一个先行词,或定语从句中又包含定语从句,这样的定语从句叫做多重式定语从句。例如:

  Iceland is a place where the Icelandic people have been living for generations and which/that all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.冰岛是冰岛人民世代生活的地方,也是全世界的人都渴望去观光游览的地方。

  He said he would never forget the moment when he first met Gorky and which he regardedas the happiest in all his life.他说他永远忘不了第一次与高尔基相见的那一刻,那一刻被他视作人生中最幸福的一刻。

  注意 多重定语从句的特点之一是:即使在从句中作宾语或表语,第二个以及之后的所有关系词都不能省略,以免引起句意的模糊不清。例如: ’ ‘

  China is an attractive country which has the largest population,where there are lots ofmysterious stories and legends and that many westerners are still not familiar with.中国是一个充满魅力的国家,她拥有世界上最多的人口,有许多神秘的故事和传说,但也是很多西方人还不熟悉的国度。

  四、省略式定语从句

  有些定语从句当主从句的主语一致时,可以省略其中的主语和谓语的一部分(主要是情态动词和助动词),而代之以“介词+关系代词+不定式”的形式。例如:

  I intend to make friends with some Frenchman from whom to improve French.(完整句式是:I intend to make friends with some Frenchman from whom I can improve my French.)我打算交个法国朋友,从他那儿我可以提高法语水平。

  注意 此时主句的主语必须与不定式的逻辑主语一致,否则不能改成省略式定语从句。例如:

  Stock is a capital with which factories or companies can develop themselves.股票是工厂或者公司用来谋求自身发展的一种本钱。

  这里不能改成省略式定语从句,因为主句和从句的主语不同。

  五、介词+关系副词的定语从句

  1.He climbed to the top of the hill from where he could have a good view of the wholecity.他爬到了山顶,从那里他可以很好地看到整个城市。

  2.That was in 1949,since when things have been better.那时是1949年,从那以后情况就好些了。

  解析在句1中,where代替the top of the the hill,因此from后用where~I导定语从句,不可用which。在句2中,when特指in 1949。

  六、先行词是抽象的表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作状语,关系副词用where

  例3 (2009年福建卷)It’S helpful to put children in a situation— — they can seethemselves differently.

  A.that B.when C.which D.where

  解析选D。考查先行词作抽象名词,并在从句中作状语的用法。这样的抽象名词包括:situation,point,case,stage,position,state,condition,activity,business等。

  七、其他一些特殊的定语从句

  例4 (1996年上海卷)I don’t like the way— — you laugh at her.A.that B.on which C.which D.as

  解析 选A。此题先行词是the way,还原到定语从句中为you laugh at her in the way,在从句中作方式状语,关系词用that,in which或省略。

  比较: rhe way— — he explMned to us is quite simple..in that B.on which C.in which D.|

  解析选D。此题the way在定语从句中作宾语,因此用关系代词that,which或省略。

  例5 is well known to us all,oceans cover more than 70%of the earth.

  A.Which B.It C.As D.What

  解析选C。as引导非限制性定语从句,指后面的一句话,可以放在句首、句中或句末。which不能置于句首。句意为:我们知道,海洋占地球面积的百分之七十以上。另外,当先行词被the same,such,SO等词修饰时,常用关系代词as来引导定语从句,此时as在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:

  This is SO heavy a box as can’t be lifted.(在从句中作主语)

  The problem is such a dificult one as I can’t solve.(在从句中作宾语)

  特殊定语从句的考点

  考点一 考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句

  1. A person ________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)

  A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever

  【解析】C。在所给的四个关系代词中,只有whose能用于名词用作定语,故选C。又如:A bookseller is a person whose job is selling books. 书商就是其职业是卖书的人。

  2. Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)

  A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom

  【解析】B。their是物主代词,不是关系代词,不能引导定语从句,所以不能选;在其余三个选 项中,只有whose能用于名词用作定语,故选B。句意为:许多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了,他们在 家乡被照顾得很好。

  3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (湖南卷)

  A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

  【解析】D。在所给定的四个关系代词中,只有which和whose能用于名词用作定语,故可排除B和 C。而关系代词which和whose用于名词前作定语的区别是:which具有that或this的语义特征,而whose则 具有one’s的语义特征。

  考点二 考查关系代词which引导的定语从句

  1. They’ve won their last three matches, ________ I find a bit surprising. (辽 宁卷)

  A. that B. when C. what D. which

  【解析】D。that不用于引导非限制性定语从句,故被排除;when可引导非限制性定语从句,但只 用于指时间,与句意不符,故也被排除;而what不是关系代词,不能用于引导定语从句,故也被排 除;which在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中充当动词find的宾语。句意为:他们赢了最后三场 比赛,我发现这有点令人吃惊。

  2. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him. (全国Ⅱ)

  A. which B. that C. where D. it

  【解析】A。由于两个句子之间没有并列连词,所以不能选B或D;而where是关系副词,不能用作 主语;which在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中用作主语。又如:Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。

  3. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山东卷)

  A. who B. which C. when D. that

  【解析】B。that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句,故可排除;when是关系副词,不用作主语,故 也可排除;who用于指人,但这里的定语从句不是修饰her,而是修饰whenever I met her,故不能用who, 此处应用which。又如:He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说他从 没见到过她,这是不真实的。

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