高考英语2015年湖南卷试题及答案完整解析(3)

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (30 marks)

　　Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished .statements For each of them there are four chokes marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.

　　A

　　Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers. ■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. ——Michael Horan ■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.[来源:学科网ZXXK] The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. ——Carol Harvey ■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim. ——JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.

　　56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______.

　　A. drivers should be polite to cyclists

　　B. road accidents can actually be avoided

　　C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety

　　D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes

　　57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______.

　　A. be provided with enough roads

　　B. be asked to ride on their own lanes

　　C. be made to pay less tax for cycling

　　D. be fined for laughing at policemen

　　58.What is a complaint of JML?

　　A. Very few drivers are insured.

　　B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.

　　C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.

　　D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.

　　59.The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______.

　　A. accidentsB. vehicles

　　C. pedestriansD. cyclists

　　60.The three letters present viewpoints on _______.

　　A. real source of road danger

　　B. ways to improve road facilities

　　C. measures to punish road offences

　　D. increased awareness of road rules

　　【答案】

　　56．C

　　57．B

　　58．B

　　59．D

　　60．A

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：本文围绕一个主题展开一场争论——谁才是马路安全隐患的威胁。

　　claim.JML希望对自行车拥有者登记，当他们接到行人或者车辆、制造出车祸的时候，他们能够被追查到，所以They 在此指的是cyclists.故选D

　　60.A主旨大意是，根据文章的标题和所有读者的来信不难发现这篇文章主要是围绕到底谁（自行车或者行人）才是道路安全存在的隐患。故选A

　　考点：社会现象类短文阅读。

　　B

　　In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, "No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me."

　　The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.

　　An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.

　　This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?

　　That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.

　　61.The author mentions the joke to show ______.

　　A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago

　　B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy

　　C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring

　　D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous

　　62.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_______.

　　A. get rid of the street dirt

　　B. lower the Chicago River

　　C. fight against heavy floods

　　D. build the pipes above ground

　　63.The underlined word "hoist" in Paragraph 4 means "_______".

　　A. changeB. lift

　　C. repairD. decorate

　　64.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?

　　A. It went on smoothly as intended.

　　B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.

　　C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.

　　D. It separated the building from its foundation.

　　65.The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______.

　　A. popular life styles and their influences

　　B. environmental disasters and their causes

　　C. engineering problems and their solutions

　　D. successful businessmen and their achievements

　　【答案】

　　61．B

　　62．D

　　63．B

　　64．A

　　65．C

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：

　　试题分析：本文讲述了芝加哥城的问题和改造方案

　　应试在地上埋下排水管道，故选D

　　63．B;细节推理题。根据后文：Small wood-frame building could be lifted fairly easily.可知另一种方法就是将建筑升高。故选B

　　64．A;细节推理题。根据倒数第二段中的倒数第二句话：At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.(在Pullman的指导下，每个人同时抬起他们手中的千斤顶，因此建筑就被慢慢地、平整地抬起来了)可知A项正确, 故选A

　　65．C;主旨大意题。文章的第一段就提出芝加哥城所存在的问题，接下来的段落讨论了解决这个问题的一些方法，最后一段讲到这些方法虽然解决当前的问题，但是随之而来的又会冒出一些新的问题有待解决。故文章大致上讲述的是建造的问题与解决办法，故选C

　　考点：科普类短文阅读。

　　C

　　Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.

　　Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.

　　Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.

　　One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight," Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.

　　66.What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection at the light station?

　　A. It was carried out once a year.

　　B. It was often announced in advance.

　　C. It was important for the keeper's fame.

　　D. It was focused on the garage and yard.

　　67.The family began making preparations immediately after ______.

　　A. one of the members saw the boat

　　B. a warning call reached the lighthouse

　　C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap

　　D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance

　　68.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______.

　　A. result in some fun

　　B. speed up washing them

　　C. make her home look tidy

　　D. be a demand from the inspector

　　69.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______.

　　A. an empty pan

　　B. many clean dishes

　　C. pieces of baked bread

　　D. a cloth covering something

　　70.The inspector waved his arms ______.

　　A. to try his best to keep steady

　　B. to show his satisfaction with the floor

　　C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother

　　D. to express his intention to continue the inspection

　　【答案】

　　66．C

　　67．A

　　68．C

　　69．D

　　70．A

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：本文讲述了如何利用各种方法应对巡视员的突袭

　　考点：社会生活类短文阅读。

　　Part IV Writing (45 marks)

　　Section A (10 marks)

　　Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage

　　Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

　　Not all print dictionaries are the same, as you will notice when you select one. To make a wise selection, you should know how to distinguish among three kinds of print dictionaries: pocket, desk, and unabridged. You should also know the copyright date of your dictionary, and check is special features.

　　A pocket dictionary is small. Generally, it contains no more than 75000 entries, making it hardly to carry to class and efficient to use. However, a pocket dictionary doesn't contain enough entries to be adequate for college reference homework. In addition, the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally limited. A desk dictionary is medium sized, generally containing over 100,000 entries as well as extra features. For college work, you should own a current desk dictionary. An unabridged dictionary is a complete dictionary. Abridged dictionaries, such as pocket and desk dictionaries, are shortened. Because unabridged dictionaries contain nearly all English words, they are large and heavy. They are often used by schools and libraries.

　　If the copyright date of your current dictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago, consider investing in a more recent edition. English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words. This is reflected in an up-to-date dictionary.

　　In selecting a dictionary, check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions. Many editions contain signs, symbols and foreign words. Some also contain CD-ROMs and access to special online features.

　　【答案】

　　71．Select

　　72．inadequate

　　73．word information

　　74．desk dictionary

　　75．extra features

　　76．large and heavy

　　77．schools and libraries

　　78．admitting new words

　　79．cheek

　　80．access to

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：本文讲述了三种字典的类型，旨在告读者如何根据需要要去选择字典。

　　79．check;根据第四段的第一句话：In selecting a dictionary ,check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions.可知题目中最后一个方框里的三条信息所讲的是选择字典时要检查词汇意外的特点，故填check

　　80．access to;根据全篇章的最后一句话：Some also contain CD-ROMS and access to special online features.可知，故填access to

　　考点：生活类短文阅读。

　　Section B (10 mark.)

　　Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.

　　Walk Out of the Comfort Zone and Try New Things

　　For most high school students, free periods are useless. From what I have seen, few do homework, instead many are on their phones and talking, making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any. As a senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.

　　Our school offers many classes. Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study. We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don't try it.

　　In my 8th grade, I was told that I had to take an art class as a graduation requirement; so in the 9th grade I took Studio and Art. One of the projects was to build a clay pot, but I built mine incorrectly, so it broke in the kiln (窑). I found out that I have no artistic ability at all, and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an artist. However, the class was one of my favorites that year. I was able to try new activities and test my ability.

　　Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things! College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high school is when we have to figure it out.

　　Half of all college students change their major at some point. By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take. So use our extra periods to find out what we want to do in college. The classes we choose can impact us in future. Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind. It will also show colleges we are diverse students.

　　81. How should we use our extra periods in the author's opinion?

　　(No more than 9 words)(2 marks)

　　__________________________________________________________________________

　　___________________________________________________________________________________

　　82. Why does the author think we should experiment in different fields of study?

　　(No more than 17 words)(2 marks)

　　_____________________________________________________________________________

　　_________________________________________________________________________________

　　83. Why did the clay pot show the author's lack of artistic ability?

　　(No more than 10 words)(3 marks)

　　_________________________________________________________________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________________

　　84.According to the author, how will taking optional subjects impact up in the future?

　　(No more than 13 words)(3 marks)

　　________________________________________________________________________________

　　______________________________________________________________________________

　　【答案】

　　81.We should use them to take optional subjects.

　　82.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject without trying it.

　　83.It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.

　　84.It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：本文讲述了作为一个学生我们应该不断地区尝试新的内容来丰富我们的大脑，增长经验

　　考点：人生哲理类短文阅读。

　　Section C (25 marks)

　　Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.

　　请以老师当众表扬你为话题，用下面所给的句子开头，续写一篇英语短文。

　　注意：

　　1. 将所有句子写在答题卡上；

　　2. 续写词数不少于120个；

　　3. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。