Unit6Whenwasitinvented原文与翻译

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语言的内容包括语音语调,语法,词汇,功能,语言的技能包括听、说、读、写、译形式”。下面是小偏整理的Unit6Whenwasitinvented原文与翻译,感谢您的每一次阅读。

Unit6Whenwasitinvented原文与翻译

SectionA1b

Listenandmatchtheinventionswiththeyears.

Wasyourlifeverydifficultwhenyouwereakid?

Oh,notreally.Why?

Well,youdidn’thavemoderninventionslikeatelephone,right?

Ofcoursewedid!HowolddoyouthinkIam?Thetelephonewasinventedin1876.Youneedtotakeahistoryclass,Alice!

Haha!Howaboutcars?Theyweren’tinventedyet,werethey?

Yes,theywere.Carswereinventedin1885.Myfamilyhadacar.

Well,didyouhaveaTV?

No,wecouldn’taffordone.Theywereexpensiveinthosedays.TheTVwasinventedaround1927,Ithink.

Well,Iknowthatyoudidn’thaveacomputerbecausewelearnedinschoolthatpersonalcomputerswereinventedin1971.

You’reright.ButIhaveonenow!

SectionA2a

Listenandnumbertheinventions1-3intheorderyouhearthem.

Hi,Carol.Wow,whatarethose?

Hello,Alex.Oh,thesearesomeoftheinterestinginventionsthatI’mwritingaboutformyEnglishhomework.

Isee…What’sthat,then?

They’reshoeswithlights.Youusethemforseeinginthedarkwhenyougetupatnight.

Oh,that’sacoolidea!Ialwayshitmytoeonsomethingonthewaytothebathroomatnight.

Nextisaspecialice-creamscoop.Thisismyfavoriteinvention.Itrunsonelectricityandbecomeshot.

Iknowwhatit’sfor!It’susedforservingreallycoldice-cream.

Yes,that’sright!

ThelastinventionI’mgoingtowriteaboutisshoeswithspecialheels.Youcanmovetheheelsupanddown.

Whataretheyusedfor?

Well,youcanchangethestyleofyourshoes.Youcanraisetheheelsifyouaregoingtoapartyorlowerthemifyouarejustgoingoutforshopping.

SectionA2b

Listenagainandcompletethechartbelow.

Hi,Carol.Wow,whatarethose?

Hello,Alex.Oh,thesearesomeoftheinterestinginventionsthatI’mwritingaboutformyEnglishhomework.

Isee…What’sthat,then?

They’reshoeswithlights.Peopleusethemforseeinginthedarkwhenyougetupatnight.

Oh,that’sacoolidea!Ialwayshitmytoeonsomethingonthewaytothebathroomatnight.

Nextisaspecialice-creamscoop.Thisismyfavoriteinvention.Itrunsonelectricityandbecomeshot.

Iknowwhatit’sfor!It’susedforservingreallycoldice-cream.

Yes,that’sright!

ThelastinventionI’mgoingtowriteaboutisshoeswithspecialheels.Youcanmovetheheelsupanddown.

Whataretheyusedfor?

Well,youcanchangethestyleofyourshoes.Youcanraisetheheelsifyouaregoingtoapartyorlowerthemifyouarejustgoingoutforshopping.

SectionA2d

Role-playtheconversation.

Paul:HeyRoy,thesubjectformyschoolprojectis"Smallinventionsthatchangedtheworld."Canyouhelpmethinkofaninvention?

Roy:Mypleasure!Letmethink...hmm...Iknow!Thezipper!

Paul:Thezipper?Isitreallysuchagreatinvention?

Roy:Thinkabouthowoftenit’susedinourdailylives.Youcanseezippersondresses,trousers,shoes,bags...almosteverywhere!

Paul:Well,youdoseemtohaveapoint...

Roy:Ofcourse!IthoughtaboutitbecauseIsawawebsitelastweek.Thepioneersofdifferentinventionswerelistedthere.Forexample,itmentionedthatthezipperwasinventedbyWhitcombJudsonin1893.Butatthattime,itwasn’tusedwidely.

Paul:Really?Sowhendiditbecomepopular?

Roy:Around1917.

SectionA3a

Readthepassagequicklyandmatcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.

AnAccidentalInvention

Didyouknowthattea,themostpopulardrinkintheworld(afterwater),

wasinventedbyaccident?Manypeoplebelievethatteawasfirstdrunkabout5,000yearsago.ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongfirsttodiscoverteaasadrink.

OnedayShenNongwasboilingdrinkingwateroveranopenfire.Someleavesfromateaplantfellintothewaterandremainedthereforsometime.Itproducedanicesmellsohetastedthebrownwater.Itwasquitedelicious,andso,oneoftheworld’sfavoritedrinkswasinvented.

Afewthousandyearslater,LuYu,“thesaintoftea”,mentionedShenNonginhisbookChaJing.Thebookdescribeshowteaplantsweregrownandusedtomaketea.Italsodiscusseswherethefinesttealeaveswereproducedandwhatkindsofwaterwereused.

ItisbelievedthatteawasbroughttoKoreaandJapanduringthe6thand7thcenturies.InEngland,teadidn’tappearuntilaround1660,butlessthan100years,ithadbecomethenationaldrink.

TheteatradefromChinatoWesterncountriestookplaceinthe19thcentury.Thishelpedtospreadthepopularityofteaandtheteaplanttomoreplacesaroundtheworld.Eventhoughmanypeoplenowknowaboutteaculture,theChinesearewithoutdoubttheoneswhobestunderstandthenatureoftea

SectionB1d

Listenagain.Completethesentences.

Hey,didyouknowthatpotatochipswereinventedbymistake?

Really?Whatdoyoumean?

Well,hereonthebagitsaysthattheywereinventedbyacookcalledGeorgeCrum.

Whenwasthat?

Oh,itwasbackin1853.

So,whywasitanaccident?

Well,oneday,acustomercameintotherestaurantwhereGeorgeworked.

Heorderedaplateoffriedpotatoes.Whenthepotatoescame,hesaidtheywerecuttoothickandsentthembacktothekitchen.

Sowhathappened?

Well,Georgewasangry,sohecutthepotatoesreally,reallythin,andhecookedthemforalongtimeuntiltheywerecrispy.Andheputlotsofsaltonthemsotheywerereallysalty.Hethoughtthecustomerwouldhatethem.

And?

Andthecustomerlovedthemandaskedformore.Hetoldtheothercustomersaboutthem,andsooneveryonewasorderingthinlycut,crispy,saltypotatochips.

Andwe’restilleatingthemtoday.

Whatacoolstory!

SectionB2b

Readthepassagequickly.

Whatisthemainideaofeachparagraph?

DoYouKnowWhenBasketballwasInvented?Basketballisamuch-lovedandactivesportthatisenjoyedbymanyforfunandexerces.Itisover100yearsoldandisplayedbymorethan100millionpeopleinover200countries.

ItisbelievedthatthefirstbasketballgameinhistorywasplayedonDecember21,1891.Thenin1936inBerlin,itbecameaneventattheOlympics.

BasketballwasinventedbyaCanadiandoctornamedJamesNaismith,whowasbornin1861.Whenhewasacollegeteacher,hewasaskedtothinkofagamethatcouldbeplayedinthewinter.Dr.Naismithcreatedagametobeplayedinsideonahardfloor.Dr.Naismithdividedthemeninhisclassintotwoteamsandtaughtthemtoplayhisnewgame.

Playersonthesameteammustworktogethertogettheballintheotherteam’sbasket.Atthesametime,theyneedtostopthecompetingteamfromgettingtheballintotheirownbasket.

Today,thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenaroundtheworld,withmanyyoungpeopledreamingofbecomingfamousplayers.

InChina,youcansometimesseepeopleplayingbasketballinparks,schoolsandevenfactories.Basketballhasnotonlybecomeapopularsporttoplay,butithasalsobecomeapopularsporttowatch.

AlthoughAmerica’sNBAgamesarethemostfamous,theCBAgamesarebecomingmorePopularinChina.Thenumberofforeignplayers,includingChineseplayers,intheNBAhasincreased.TherearealsomoreandmoreforeignplayersintheCBA.

Manyyoungpeoplelookuptothesebasketballheroesandwanttobecomelikethem.Thesestarsencourageyoungpeopletoworkhardtoachievetheirdreams.

初中英语的学习诀窍

语音:语音学习在整个口语学习中是最基本的,也是最关键的。英国学者斯克里温纳曾指出,“语言的内容包括语音语调,语法,词汇,功能,语言的技能包括听、说、读、写、译形式”。语言的最终目的是交流,传播知识、思想和文化等,所以语言的内容和形式必须相互结合,才能实现其交际功能。语音语调的提高和口语水平息息相关,没有语音语调,就谈不上人类语言的丰富多样性。

语音学习不只是包括单纯的发音练习,还应包括语调、节奏等的训练。有些学生单词发音错误或不够标准,导致无法同英美人士进行顺畅的交流。学好口语的第一个着力点就应放在语音的学习和完善上,一定要力求做到每一个单词都能准确读出来。大家要学会比较自己的发音和nativespeakers的发音。细心的观察和认真的模仿是准确发音的保证。一部分中国学生读英语,虽然发音是准确了,却让人感觉像在说中文,没有味道。而还有一部分学生由于从课本中学来的是英式发音,但受现在流行美式发音的影响,就会将两种发音混杂,变的不英不美。其实,不管是学习哪种发音,纯正标准是关键。这是口语的基础阶段,一定要多听多学多练,持之以恒多模仿。

词汇:掌握标准纯正的语音是必须的,但却是远远不够的。中国学生可能会有疑问,认为自己的语音已经不错了,可为什么在老美面前还是觉得没话讲,无法顺利地交流。答案很简单,积累不够。谈到积累,这里就会出现一个大家理解上的误区,那就是词汇量越大越好,词汇越艰深晦涩越好。

其实不然,当你和老美交流时,如果你转了不知多少个定语从句、宾语从句,用了好几个GRE词汇才到达你想要谈论的主题,估计那位老美就要freakout了。口语词汇的特色在于英美人士经常使用小词、俚语和习语来表达思想和交流情感,这才是口语的最高境界。如get一词堪称是口语中的钻石用词,一词多义,使用极其频繁。例如打球时你觉得累了,应该怎么说?我们的直觉反应可能会说feeltired,但这种说法并不如gettired来得

常见。因此,觉得累了只要说I'mgettingtired就可以了,正如邱政政老师一直在讲的

simplebutelegant(简单而地道)。还有一个非常简单但并不是每个人都能说得出的例子,“你知不知道该怎么去那里”这句话该怎么说?中国学生会习惯说“Doyouknowhowtogothere?”,而老美比较喜欢用getthere。所以在词汇的掌握方面,大家应该注重词汇的实用性和功能性,抓住那些简单而地道的小词就是掌握了口语用词的精髓。

句型:谈到第三个着力点就是口语当中的句型了,句型好比数学当中的公式,只要我们掌握了一类句型,以后就可以直接进行部分替换,就能说出多个不同的句子。例如新东方的slogan是Languageispower(语言就是力量),原句是17世纪英国的著名思想家政治家和经验主义哲学家培根写的Knowledgeispower(知识就是力量)。通过一个很小的例子我们可以总结出这个句型是“…ispower”,只要替换不同的主语就能得到不同的句子。

当然,口语当中出现的句子可说是千变万化,我们除了通过部分替换来得到不同的句子外,如何更有效地来掌握句型呢?这就需要我们对不同的句型进行归纳整理,了解并记忆各个句型所应用的场景和功能。通俗点说,就是在什么地方,跟什么人就要说什么话。比如在greeting的场景中,我们就要说Howareyou?/Howareyoudoing?/What'sup?等句子,而不能不顾情景原则的抛出一句“Whereareyougoing?”,因为后者不符合英美人士打招呼的习惯。根据英美人士的习惯来总结各个场景之中会用到的句型就显得格外重要了。做到这点之后,便要学会整理不同句型,进行记忆和操练,达到脱口而出的熟练境界。

文化:掌握句型不仅是目的,也是我们进行第四个着力点的手段。我们学习口语最终是要达到像英美人士思维的目的,这也是我们要付出努力的第四个着力点。大多数中国口语学习者在说出一个英文句子前,总是先想中文,再把它翻译成英文,结果变成Chinglish,失掉了洋味儿。这样做不可能培养如英美人士的思维。众所周知,语言作为一种社会交际的工具,是在具体的特定的社会历史中产生和发展起来的。因此,每一种语言都包含该民族丰富的文化内涵和特定的思维模式。由此可见,如果大家对英语国家的文化背景知识了解得越清楚越透彻,在同英美人士交流时,就越能达到相互认同和了解。所以我们在学习口语时,不仅要尽可能多地掌握语言知识,补充大量的口语词汇和句型,还要深刻地挖掘语言背后的文化背景和思维模式。

有些同学会说,我们没有生活在美国,怎么了解他们的文化?最直观的方式便是大量的观看原版电影了。在这里,首推有名的Friends(六人行,又名老友记),这是一部情景喜剧,囊括了美国生活中的各个方面。如果你能研究并掌握里面所有的对话,你一定能同nativespeakers进行顺利的交流了。了解英美国家文化背景的过程同时也是培养英美人士思维方式的过程。如笔者曾经经历的一个例子,大学时和外教约好去打球,结果刚到外

教家,外面就下起大雨,这时应该怎样用英语表达当时的心情?很多学生可能会说,中文里面我们就会说“真讨厌”,那英文就说“It'sterrible”了。这样说看来是没错,可是那位外教在当时的情况下说了句“That'sgreat”。笔者认为这句话是简练精辟地体现了美式幽默,体现了老美乐观的性格,生活中随时随地都能找乐。大家在平常生活中多注意这些方面的积累,就一定能逐步培养起英美人士的地道思维方式,让自己的口语学习更上一层楼。

这是学习口语应该注意的四大着力点,任何一方面都不能忽视,只有形成一股强大的合力,才能把口语学习推向一个更高的境界。


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